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Objective:To observe the relationship between the occurrence of symptomatic hypocalcemia (SH) and various potential influencing factors in patients after thyroidectomy, stratify according to the scope of thyroidectomy, and explore the predictive value of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) for postoperative SH.Methods:Among 3 379 patients with thyroidectomy who admitted into the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to February 2021, 122 patients with SH after thyroidectomy were collected retrospectively and set as SH group. 100 patients of the remaining 3 200 patients who did not suffer from SH in the same year were selected by systematic sampling method and set as control group. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the potential influencing factors such as age, preoperative calcium, postoperative calcium, preoperative iPTH, postoperative iPTH, central lymph node number, blood loss, operation duration, gender, lymph node dissection method, thyroidectomy range, postoperative pathological type and other. Among them, the measurement data of normal distribution were expressed by mean±standard deviation( Mean± SD), t-test was used for the comparison between the two groups, and Chi-square test was used for count data. By drawing the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the iPTH levels in patients with and without SH before/after operation (different surgical methods) were studied, and the diagnostic threshold, sensitivity and specificity of iPTH were predicted. Results:Among 3 379 patients, 122 patients suffered from SH after thyroidectomy, with the incidence rate of 3.6%. There were significant differences in gender (8 males and 114 females in SH group; 27 males and 73 females in control group), whether lateral area dissection was performed (58 cases with dissection and 64 cases without dissection in SH group; 7 cases with dissection and 93 cases without dissection in control group), thyroidectomy range (14 cases with one side and 108 cases with both sides in SH group; 73 cases with one side and 27 cases with both sides in control group), age (40.1 years old vs 43.2 years old), dissection number of central lymph nodes (8.6 vs 4.6), dissection number of cervical lymph nodes (12.3 vs 0.7), blood loss (22.8 mL vs 11.0 mL), operation duration (1.7 h vs 0.8 h), postoperative iPTH (16.4 pg/mL vs 41.9 pg/mL), preoperative iPTH (39.4 pg/mL vs 47.8 pg/mL) in SH group; and postoperative calcium level (1.9 mmol/L vs 2.2 mmol/L). There was significant differences between the two groups ( P<0.05). However, there was no significant differences between them with postoperative pathological type (4 cases with toxic goiter, 3 cases with medullary thyroid carcinoma, 1 case with thyroid follicular carcinoma, 114 cases with papillary thyroid carcinoma in SH group; 1 case with medullary thyroid carcinoma, 1 case of thyroid follicular carcinoma, 98 cases with papillary thyroid carcinoma in control group, P=0.25) and preoperative calcium (2.3 mmol/L vs 2.3 mmol/L, P=0.10). For patients with bilateral thyroidectomy, SH was easy to occur when postoperative iPTH < 20.08 pg/mL, and its sensitivity and specificity were 74.07% and 96.30%; however, for patients with unilateral thyroidectomy, SH was easy to occur when iPTH < 24.00 pg/mL after operation. Conclusions:Gender, age, postoperative calcium, preoperative iPTH, postoperative iPTH, central lymph node number, blood loss, operation duration, lymph node dissection method and thyroidectomy range are important factors affecting the occurrence of SH after thyroidectomy. With the expansion of surgical range, the postoperative iPTH level gradually decreases, which predicts the occurrence of symptomatic hypocalcemia. In order to avoid the occurrence of symptomatic hypocalcemia after operation, it is necessary to supplement calcium in time according to the range of operation and postoperative iPTH level.
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Objective:To investigate the difference of radiofrequency ablation combined with ethanol ablation and radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of benign cystic solid thyroid nodule.Methods:A total of 80 patients who visited the Thyroid Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2015 to July 2018 were selected. All selected patients are required to meet the following criteria: (1)Color doppler ultrasonography of the neck revealed a cystic solid thyroid nodule greater than 20 mm in diameter. (2) The results of fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodules were benign. (3)The patients is to undergo radiofrequency ablation of thyroid nodule. According to the condition and patients′ wishes, radiofrequency ablation (Group A, n=40) and combined ethanol and radiofrequency ablation(Group B, n=40) were performed respectively to observe the changes of nodule volume and maximum diameter at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery.The difference of intraoperative radiofrequency ablation energy, postoperative complications and patient satisfaction at 12 months after operation were also observed. The respective clinical effects of the two groups and the difference of curative effects between the two groups were analyzed. Two-factor repeated measurement analysis of variance or independent sample t test was used to compare the measurement data in line with normal distribution between groups. Friedman′s rank sum test was used for comparison of measurement data groups that did not conform to normal distribution, and Bonferroni correction was used for pairwise comparison. Chi-square test was used to compare the counting data between groups. Results:On the 12th months after operation, the volume reduction of of nodules in group B was greater than that of group A, and the difference was statistically significant[(7.0±5.1) mL vs (5.5±4.9) mL, P<0.05]. The maximum diameter reduction of nodules in group B was greater than that of group A and the difference was statistically significant [(1.5±0.6) cm vs (1.4±0.8) cm, P<0.05]. During the period of 6 to 12 months after operation, the trend of nodular shrinkage in group B was more obvious than that in group A ( P<0.05). The radiofrequency ablation energy of group was lower than that of group A, and the difference was statistically significant [(2.37±1.18) kJ vs (3.89±1.17) kJ, P<0.05]. Voice reduction occurred in 2 cases and recovered within 2 weeks.Local bleeding occurred in 1 case during the operation, which was stopped after ablation. There was no statistical significance in the satisfaction of patients in group A and group B (87.5% vs 90%, P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with radiofrequency ablation, radiofrequency ablation combined with ethanol ablation for benign cystic solid thyroid nodules can achieve better nodule reduction effect and reduce the ablation energy.
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Objective To investigate the clinical prognostic features of pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 56 cases of pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma under 14 years old admitted in our hospital from Aug.2009 to Oct.2018 was performed.KaplanMeier method and COX proportional hazards model were used to analyze the factors affecting the disease-free survival of patients.Results The follow-up period was from 6 months to 82 months,and the median follow-up time was 28 months.Recurrence occurred in 15 patients,with a survival rate of 100％.The 3-and 5-year disease-free survival rate was 67.4％ and 63.5％.Univariate analysis showed that tumor diameter ＞2 cm (P=0.046),multiple lesions (P＜0.001),cervical lymph node metastasis (P=0.008),and extra thyroidal extension (ETE) (P=0.035) were related factors affecting postoperative recurrence,while gender,age,Hashimoto's thyroiditis,tumor TNM stage,central lymph node metastasis and surgical approach were not related to postoperative recurrence.COX multivariate analysis showed that multiple lesions (HR:8.815,P=0.010) was the independent factor influencing the prognosis of pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma.Conclusions Multiple lesion is an independent influencing factor for the recurrence of pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients after surgery.Meanwhile,total thyroidectomy and long-term follow-up should be followed.Although the metastasis rate of lymph node and distant organ are high,overall prognosis is good in pediatric DTC.
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Objective To summarize the experience in diagnosis and treatment for solid-pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas (SPT). Methods A retrospective clinical analysis about clinical, imaging and pathologic data was made on 16 cases of SPT admitted from January 2005 to December 2009. Results Five had SPT in the head of the pancreas, 5 in the body of the pancreas, 6 in the tail of the pancreas. The first symptom was intermittent epigastric pain ( n = 7), abdominal aponia mass ( n = 3), Pancreatic tumor found by chance (n =4), weight loss (n =2). Solid and Solid-cystic masses of low echo were found in US. Masses of low density in pancreas were found on CT scan, while irregular enhancement appeared in the circumference of all tumors in enhanced CT scan sequences. Tumor markers in patients' erum were all negative.9 patients underwent distal pancreatectomy and spleen resection, including 1 patient also underwent left hemicolectomy. Local excision of tumor was performed in 4 cases. Pancreatic local excision and pancreaticojejunostomy were performed in 3 cases. 14 cases were followed up with an period of from 3 to 48 months. No evidence of relapses and metastasis in these cases was found. Conclusion SPT primarily affects young women, and it may be located in any part of pancreas. Surgical resection is recommended as the treatment of choice. The prognosis is good.
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Objective To explore the relationship between the hepatic injury and the severity of the patients with non-gallstone severe acute pancreatitis,so as to provide some evidences in the treatment on the hepatic injury,to lower the systemic and local applications of SAP,as well as lower the morality of SAP.Methods Patients suffering from non-gallstone SAP were retrospectively analyzed.We statisticated the occurrence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.We adopted the occurrence of MODS of the patients as the indicatrix of prognosis and analyzed the results.Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the ralationship between the markers of heapatic injury and the prognosis of the patients suffered of non-gallstone SAP.Results The univariate logistic regression analysis of the relationship between hepatic dysfunction and the occur of MODS of non-gallstone SAP shows that there were correlation between the occur of MODS and AST,ALT,ALB,respectively.The multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that there were correlation between the occur of MODS and AST,ALT,ALB,respectively.Conclusion The study showed that the heighten of the serum consentration of AST,ALT,TB and the degrade of the serum consentration of Alb were the independent influencing factors of patients with non-gallstone SAP,respectively,and suggested the unfavourable prognosis of the patients.